Iain Abernethy- Karate Grappling Methods – vol.2

IAIN ABERNETHY has been active in martial arts since he was a youngster.
Iain is a 5th Dan with the British Combat Association (one of the world’s top organizations for close-quarter combat, self-defense, and practical martial arts) and Karate England (the official governing body for Karate in England).
Iain is a member of the “Combat Hall of Fame” and often writes for the UK’s premier martial arts periodicals.
Karate was used.
Iain is a renowned exponent of applied karate in the United Kingdom. He has produced a number of highly praised books on the practical application of traditional martial arts and is widely recognized for his work on the pragmatic application of the techniques and principles contained in traditional kata.
Iain’s seminars, books, DVDs, and articles have proven to be extremely popular with organizations and people who want to practice their arts as the pragmatic systems that they were designed to be.
KARATE (?) (Japanese pronunciation: [kaate] (listen), English: /krti/) is a Japanese martial art that originated in the Ryukyu Islands, today known as Okinawa.
It evolved from indigenous combat techniques known as te (?, meaning “hand”; t in Okinawan) and Chinese kenp.
Karate is a striking art that employs punching, kicking, knee and elbow blows, as well as open-handed techniques like knife-hands (karate chop).
Some techniques teach grappling, locks, restraints, throws, and critical point strikes.
A karate practitioner is referred to as a karateka (?).
Karate evolved in the Ryukyu Kingdom prior to Japan’s conquest in the nineteenth century.
It was brought to the Japanese mainland during a period of cultural contacts between the Japanese and the Ryukyuans in the early twentieth century.
Gichin Funakoshi was invited to Tokyo by the Japanese Ministry of Education to perform a karate demonstration in 1922.
Keio University founded the first university karate club in Japan in 1924, and by 1932, all major Japanese institutions had karate groups.
To signify that the Japanese sought to develop the combat form in Japanese manner, the term was changed from “Chinese hand” to “empty hand” – both of which are pronounced karate – during this period of growing Japanese militarism.
After WWII, Okinawa became a significant US military base, and karate grew popular among personnel stationed there.
The martial arts films of the 1960s and 1970s contributed significantly to its popularity, and the term karate came to be used in a generic sense to apply to any striking-based Oriental martial arts.
Karate schools began to spring up all over the world, catering to both casual and serious students of the martial art.
According to Shigeru Egami, Chief Instructor of Shotokan Dojo, “the majority of karate followers in overseas countries pursue karate only for its fighting techniques… Movies and television… depict karate as a mysterious way of fighting capable of causing death or injury with a single blow… the mass media present a pseudo art far from the real thing.” “Karate may be seen as a fight within oneself or as a life-long marathon that can be won only with self-discipline, rigorous training, and one’s own creative efforts,” remarked Shoshin Nagamine. Karate is a very philosophical activity for many practitioners.
Karate teaches ethical concepts and can have spiritual meaning for those who practice it.
In acknowledgement of the transformative power of karate education, Gichin Funakoshi (“Father of Modern Karate”) named his autobiography Karate-Do: My Way of Life.
Karate is now practiced for self-improvement, cultural purposes, self-defense, and as a sport.
Karate did not get the required two-thirds majority vote to become an Olympic sport at the 117th IOC (International Olympic Committee) election in 2005.
According to Web Japan (a service of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs), there are 23 million karate practitioners worldwide.
History
Okinawa
Also see Okinawan martial arts.
Karate started as a popular combat style called as te (Okinawan: ti) among the Ryukyuan Pechin class.
After King Satto of Chzan established trading links with the Ming dynasty of China in 1372, travellers from China, mainly Fujian Province, introduced several kinds of Chinese martial arts to the Ryukyu Islands.
Around 1392, a significant group of Chinese families migrated to Okinawa for the goal of cultural exchange, establishing the Kumemura community and sharing their knowledge of a wide range of Chinese skills and sciences, including Chinese martial arts.
The political consolidation of Okinawa by King Sh Hashi in 1429, as well as the ‘Policy of Banning Weapons,’ imposed in Okinawa following the Shimazu clan’s invasion in 1609, aided the development of unarmed warfare methods in Okinawa.
There were few official te styles, but numerous practitioners with their own approaches.
The Motobu-ry school, which Seikichi Uehara passed down from the Motobu family, is one surviving example.
Early karate styles are sometimes categorized as Shuri-te, Naha-te, and Tomari-te, after the three cities where they originated.
Each region and its teachers had unique kata, methods, and philosophies that set them apart from the others.
Members of the higher classes in Okinawa were dispatched to China on a regular basis to learn different political and practical subjects.
These encounters contributed to the integration of empty-handed Chinese wu shu into Okinawan martial arts.
Traditional karate kata are very similar to Fujian martial arts traditions such as Fujian White Crane, Five Ancestors, and Gangrou-quan (Hard Soft Fist; pronounced “Gjken” in Japanese).
Southeast Asia, notably Sumatra, Java, and Melaka, exerted further influence[citation needed].
Many Okinawan weapons, such as the sai, tonfa, and nunchaku, are said to have originated in or around Southeast Asia.
In China, Sakukawa Kanga (1782-1838) learned pugilism and staff (bo) combat (according to one legend, under the guidance of Kosokun, originator of kusanku kata).
In 1806 he began teaching a combat method in Shuri called “Tudi Sakukawa,” which translates as “Sakukawa of China Hand.” This was the earliest documented mention to the art of “Tudi,” written as.
Sakukawa’s most important disciple, Matsumura Skon (1809-1899), taught a synthesis of te (Shuri-te and Tomari-te) and Shaolin (Chinese) forms in the 1820s.
Matsumura’s style evolved into the Shrin-ry style.
Itosu AnkGrandfather of Modern KarateMatsumura, among others, imparted his technique to Itosu Ank (1831-1915).
Itosu adopted two forms taught to him by Matsumara.
These are kusanku and chiang nan, respectively[citation needed].
He developed the ping’an forms (“heian” or “pinan” in Japanese), which are simplified kata for beginners.
Itosu was instrumental in introducing karate into Okinawa’s public schools in 1901.
Children in primary school were taught these forms.
Itosu’s effect in karate is extensive.
The forms he developed are found in almost all karate systems.
Some of his students became well-known karate masters, including Gichin Funakoshi, Kenwa Mabuni, and Motobu Chki.

Itosu has been dubbed “the Grandfather of Modern Karate.” After years of training under Ryu Ryu Ko, Higaonna Kanry returned from China in 1881 to start Naha-te.
Chjun Miyagi, the inventor of Goj-ry, was one of his disciples.
Chjun Miyagi taught well-known karateka like as Seko Higa (who also studied under Higaonna), Meitoku Yagi, Miyazato Ei’ichi, and Seikichi Toguchi, as well as An’ichi Miyagi for a brief period at the end of his life (a teacher claimed by Morio Higaonna).
Kanbun Uechi is a fourth Okinawan influence in addition to the three early te schools of karate (1877-1948).
He moved to Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China, at the age of 20 to avoid Japanese military conscription.
He studied under Shushiwa while there.
He was a key character in the Chinese Nanpa Shorin-ken during the time.
He then formed his own Uechi-ry karate style based on the Sanchin, Seisan, and Sanseiryu kata he learned in China.
Japan This section need more citations for verification.
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(May 2010) Karate masters in Tokyo (around 1930s) Kanken Toyama, Hironori Ohtsuka, Takeshi Shimoda, Gichin Funakoshi, Motobu Chki, Kenwa Mabuni, Genwa Nakasone, and Shinken Taira are among those who have participated (from left to right) Gichin Funakoshi, the originator of Shotokan karate, is widely recognized with introducing and popularizing karate across Japan’s main islands.
Actually, many Okinawans were actively instructing and so share equal responsibility for the advancement of karate.
Funakoshi studied with both Asato Ank and Itosu Ank (who had worked to introduce karate to the Okinawa Prefectural School System in 1902).
Kenwa Mabuni, Chjun Miyagi, Motobu Chki, Kanken Tyama, and Kanbun Uechi were among the important teachers who affected the expansion of karate in Japan during this time period.
This was a difficult chapter in the region’s history.
The acquisition of the Okinawan island group by Japan in 1872, the First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895), the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), the annexation of Korea, and the growth of Japanese militarism are all part of it (1905-1945).
At the time, Japan was invading China, and Funakoshi realized that the art of Tang/China hand would not be acceptable; hence, the name was changed to “method of the empty hand.” The d suffix emphasizes that karated is more than just a study of the technical skills of combat.
Karate, like most martial arts practiced in Japan, transitioned from -jutsu to -d around the turn of the twentieth century.
The “d” in “karate-d” distinguishes it from karate-jutsu, much as aikido is differentiated from aikijutsu, judo is distinguished from jujutsu, kendo is distinct from kenjutsu, and iaido is distinguished from iaijutsu.
Gichin FunakoshiFounder of Shotokan KarateFunakoshi modified the titles of numerous kata, as well as the name of the art itself (at least on the Japanese mainland), in order to have karate recognised by the Japanese military organization Dai Nippon Butoku Kai.
Many of the kata were also given Japanese names by Funakoshi.
The five pinan forms were dubbed heian, the three naihanchi forms tekki, seisan hangetsu, Chint gankaku, wanshu empi, and so on.
These were largely political adjustments rather than changes to the substance of the forms, though Funakoshi did make some.
Funakoshi had studied Shorin-ry and Shrei-ry, two popular Okinawan karate styles at the time.
He was influenced by kendo in Japan, and incorporated some ideas about distancing and timing into his style.
He always called what he taught karate, but in 1936 he built a dojo in Tokyo, and the style he left behind is commonly known as Shotokan after this dojo.
In Japan, the modernization and systemization of karate included the adoption of the white uniform, which consisted of the kimono and the dogi or keikogi—commonly referred to as just karategi—as well as colored belt ranks.
Jigoro Kano, the founder of judo and one of the men Funakoshi consulted in his efforts to modernize karate, was responsible for both of these innovations.
Hironori Ohtsuka saw Funakoshi’s karate at the Tokyo Sports Festival in 1922.
Ohtsuka was so taken with it that he returned to Funakoshi several times during his stay.
Funakoshi, in turn, was impressed by Ohtsuka’s eagerness and determination to learn karate and agreed to teach him.
In the years that followed, Ohtsuka established a medical practice specializing in martial arts injuries.
At the age of 30, he became the Chief Instructor of Shind Yshin-ry jujutsu and an assistant instructor in Funakoshi’s dojo due to his martial arts prowess.
By 1929, Ohtsuka was registered as a member of the Japan Martial Arts Federation.
Okinawan karate at this time was only concerned with kata.
Ohtsuka thought that the full spirit of budō, which concentrates on defence and attack, was missing, and that kata techniques did not work in realistic fighting situations.
He experimented with other, more combative styles such as judo, kendo, and aikido.
He blended the practical and useful elements of Okinawan karate with traditional Japanese martial arts techniques from jujitsu and kendo, which led to the birth of kumite, or free fighting, in karate.
Ohtsuka thought that there was a need for this more dynamic type of karate to be taught, and he decided to leave Funakoshi to concentrate on developing his own style of karate: Wadō-ryū.
In 1934, Wadō-ryū karate was officially recognized as an independent style of karate.
This recognition meant a departure for Ohtsuka from his medical practice and the fulfilment of a life’s ambition—to become a full-time martial artist.
Ohtsuka’s personalized style of Karate was officially registered in 1938 after he was awarded the rank of Renshi-go.
He presented a demonstration of Wadō-ryū karate for the Japan Martial Arts Federation.
They were so impressed with his style and commitment that they acknowledged him as a high-ranking instructor.
The next year the Japan Martial Arts Federation asked all the different styles to register their names; Ohtsuka registered the name Wadō-ryū.
In 1944, Ohtsuka was appointed Japan’s Chief Karate Instructor.
A new form of karate called Kyokushin was formally founded in 1957 by Masutatsu Oyama (who was born a Korean, Choi Yeong-Eui) (who was born a Korean, Choi Yeong-Eui).
Kyokushin is largely a synthesis of Shotokan and Gōjū-ryū.
It teaches a curriculum that emphasizes aliveness, physical toughness, and full contact sparring.
Because of its emphasis on physical, full-force sparring, Kyokushin is now often called “full contact karate”, or “Knockdown karate” (after the name for its competition rules) (after the name for its competition rules).
Many other karate organizations and styles are descended from the Kyokushin curriculum.
The World Karate Federation recognizes these styles of karate in its kata list
Shōtōkan-ryū
Shitō-ryū
Gōjū-ryū
Wadō-ryū
The World Union of Karate-do Organizations (WUKO)[19] recognizes these styles of karate in its kata list.
Gōjū-ryū,Shitō-ryū,Shōtōkan-ryū,Wadō-ryū,Shōrin-ryū,Uechi-ryū,Kyokushinkai,Budōkan.
Many schools would be affiliated with, or heavily influenced by, one or more of these styles.
Practice
Karate can be practiced as an art (budō), as a sport, as a combat sport, or as self defense training.
Traditional karate places emphasis on self development (budō).
Modern Japanese style training emphasizes the psychological elements incorporated into a proper kokoro (attitude) such as perseverance, fearlessness, virtue, and leadership skills.
Sport karate places emphasis on exercise and competition.
Weapons (kobudō) is important training activity in some styles.
Karate training is commonly divided into kihon (basics or fundamentals), kata (forms), and kumite (sparring) (sparring).
KihonKarate styles place varying importance on kihon.
Typically this is performance in unison of a technique or a combination of techniques by a group of karateka.
Kihon may also be prearranged drills in smaller groups or in pairs.
Kata
Motobu Chōki in Naihanchi-dachi, one of the basic karate stances
Main article: Karate kata
Kata (型:かた) means literally “shape” or “model.s” Kata is a formalized sequence of movements which represent various offensive and defensive postures.
These postures are based on idealized combat applications.
Some kata use low and wide stances.
This practice develops leg strength, correct posture, and gracefulness.
Vigorous arm movements enhance cardiovascular fitness and upper body strength.
Kata vary in number of movements and difficulty.
The longer kata require the karateka to learn many complex movements.
Diligent training and correct mindfulness lead to real understanding of combat principles.
Physical routines were a logical way to preserve this type of knowledge.
The various moves have multiple interpretations and applications.
Because the applicability for actual self-defense is so flexible there is no definitively correct way to interpret all kata.
That is why only high ranking practitioners are qualified to judge adequate form for their own style.
Some of the criteria for judging the quality of a performance are: Absence of missteps; correct beginning and especially ending; crispness and smoothness; correct speed and power; confidence; and knowledge of application.
Kata with the same name are often performed differently in other styles of karate.
Kata are taught with minor variations among schools of the same style.
Even the same instructor will teach a particular kata slightly differently as the years pass.
To attain a formal rank the karateka must demonstrate competent performance of specific required kata for that level.

The Japanese terminology for grades or ranks is commonly used.
Requirements for examinations vary among schools.
Kumite
Sparring in Karate is called kumite (組手:くみて).
It literally means “meeting of hands.s” Kumite is practiced both as a sport and as self-defense training.
Levels of physical contact during sparring vary considerably.
Full contact karate has several variants.
Knockdown karate (such as Kyokushin) uses full power techniques to bring an opponent to the ground.
In Kickboxing variants ( for example K-1), the preferred win is by knockout.
Sparring in armour (bogu kumite) allows full power techniques with some safety.
Sport kumite in many international competition under the World Karate Federation is free or structured with light contact or semi contact and points are awarded by a referee.
In structured kumite (Yakusoku – prearranged), two participants perform a choreographed series of techniques with one striking while the other blocks.
The form ends with one devastating technique (Hito Tsuki) (Hito Tsuki).
In free sparring (Jiyu Kumite), the two participants have a free choice of scoring techniques.
The allowed techniques and contact level are primarily determined by sport or style organization policy, but might be modified according to the age, rank and sex of the participants.
Depending upon style, take-downs, sweeps and in some rare cases even time-limited grappling on the ground are also allowed.
Free sparring is performed in a marked or closed area.
The bout runs for a fixed time (2 to 3 minutes.s) The time can run continuously (Iri Kume) or be stopped for referee judgment.
In light contact or semi contact kumite, points are awarded based on the criteria: good form, sporting attitude, vigorous application, awareness/zanshin, good timing and correct distance.
In full contact karate kumite, points are based on the results of the impact, rather than the formal appearance of the scoring technique.
Dojo Kun
In the bushidō tradition dojo kun is a set of guidelines for karateka to follow.
These guidelines apply both in the dojo (training hall) and in everyday life.
Conditioning
Okinawan karate uses supplementary training known as hojo undo.
This utilizes simple equipment made of wood and stone.
The makiwara is a striking post.
The nigiri game is a large jar used for developing grip strength.
These supplementary exercises are designed to increase strength, stamina, speed, and muscle coordination.
Sport Karate emphasises aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise, power, agility, flexibility, and stress management.
All practices vary depending upon the school and the teacher.
Sport
Gichin Funakoshi (船越 義珍) said, “There are no contests in karate.s” In pre-World War II Okinawa, kumite was not part of karate training.
Shigeru Egami relates that, in 1940, some karateka were ousted from their dojo because they adopted sparring after having learned it in Tokyo.
Karate is divided into style organizations.
These organizations sometimes cooperate in non-style specific sport karate organizations or federations.
Examples of sport organizations are AAKF/ITKF, AOK, TKL, AKA, WKF, WUKO and WKC.
Organizations hold competitions (tournaments) from local to international level.
Tournaments are designed to match members of opposing schools or styles against one another in kata, sparring and weapons demonstration.
They are often separated by age, rank and sex with potentially different rules or standards based on these factors.
The tournament may be exclusively for members of a particular style (closed) or one in which any martial artist from any style may participate within the rules of the tournament (open).
Some style organizations, like kyokushinkai and Shotokan prefer to stay within their own system and compete with their own rules.
The World Karate Federation (WKF) is the largest sport karate organization, and it is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as being responsible for karate competition in the Olympic games.
The WKF has developed common rules governing all styles.
The national WKF organisations coordinate with their respective National Olympic Committees.
Karate does not have 2012 Olympic status.
In the 117th IOC Session (July 2005), karate received more than half of the votes, but not the two-thirds majority needed to become an official Olympic sport.
WKF karate competition has two disciplines: sparring (kumite) and forms (kata) Competitors may enter either as individuals or as part of a team.
Evaluation for kata and kobudō is performed by a panel of judges, whereas sparring is judged by a head referee, usually with assistant referees at the side of the sparring area.
Sparring matches are typically divided by weight, age, gender, and experience.
WKF only allows membership through one national organization/federation per country to which clubs may join.
The World Union of Karate-do Organizations (WUKO)[28] offers different styles and federations a world body they may join, without having to compromise their style or size.
The WUKO accepts more than one federation or association per country.
Different karate style and sport organizations use different competition rule systems, ranging from light contact as used in the WKF, WUKO and WKC kumite rule sets, to full contact karate as seen in the Knockdown karate rules variations used by the Kyokushinkai, Ashihara karate, Shidokan, Seidokaikan and many other style organizations.
Or the Bogu kumite rules variant known as Koshiki karate (full contact with protective padding) used in the All Japan Koshiki Karate-Do Federation sport organization.
Still other sport organizations like the Shinkaratedo Federation in Japan, use Gloved karate rules (called so because they wear boxing gloves) that resembles kickboxing.
Within the United States, rules may still be under some jurisdiction from state sports authorities, such as the state boxing commission.
Rank A young student graduates up a rank in belt in front of his dojo.
In 1924 Gichin Funakoshi, founder of Shotokan Karate, adopted the Dan system from judo founder Jigoro Kano using a rank scheme with a limited set of belt colors.
Other Okinawan teachers also adopted this practice.
In the Kyū/Dan system the beginner grades start with a higher numbered kyū (e.sg.s, 10th Kyū or Jukyū) and progress toward a lower numbered kyū.
The Dan progression continues from 1st Dan (Shodan, or ‘beginning dan’) to the higher dan grades.
Kyū-grade karateka are referred to as “color belt” or mudansha (“ones without dan/rank”).
Dan-grade karateka are referred to as yudansha (holders of dan/rank).
Yudansha typically wear a black belt.
Requirements of rank differ among styles, organizations, and schools.
Kyū ranks stress stance, balance, and coordination.
Speed and power are added at higher grades.
Minimum age and time in rank are factors affecting promotion.
Testing consists of demonstration of techniques before a panel of examiners.
This will vary by school, but testing may include everything learned at that point, or just new information.
The demonstration is an application for new rank (shinsa) and may include kata, bunkai, self-defense, routines, tameshiwari (breaking), and/or kumite (sparring) (sparring).
Black belt testing may also include a written examination.
Dishonest practice
For more information on dishonest practice in the martial arts, see McDojo.
Due to the popularity of martial arts, both in mass media and reality, a large number of disreputable, fraudulent, or misguided teachers and schools have arisen, approximately over the last 40 years.
Commonly referred to as a “McDojo” or a “Black Belt Mill,” these schools are commonly headed by martial artists of either dubious skill or business ethics.
Philosophy This section needs additional citations for verification.
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(May 2010) Gichin Funakoshi interpreted the “kara” of Karate-dō to mean “to purge [oneself] of selfish and evil thoughts.sFor only with a clear mind and conscience can [the practitioner] understand that [knowledge] which he receives.s” Funakoshi believed that one should be “inwardly humble and outwardly gentle.s” Only by behaving humbly can one be open to Karate’s many lessons.
This is done by listening and being receptive to criticism.
He considered courtesy of prime importance.
He said that “Karate is properly applied only in those rare situations in which one really must either down another or be downed by him.s” Funakoshi did not consider it unusual for a devotee to use Karate in a real physical confrontation no more than perhaps once in a lifetime.
He stated that Karate practitioners must “never be easily drawn into a fight. ” It is understood that one blow from a real expert could mean death.
It is clear that those who misuse what they have learned bring dishonor upon themselves.
He promoted the character trait of personal conviction.
In “time of grave public crisis, one must have the courage. . . to face a million and one opponents. ” He taught that indecisiveness is a weakness.
Etymology This section needs additional citations for verification.
Please help improve this article by adding reliable references.
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(May 2010) Hypothetically, any unarmed combat system could accurately be called “karate” since the Japanese phrase literally means “empty hand. ” This is not necessarily an acceptable conclusion.
To separate fact from fancy requires understanding issues of nationalism, lineage, primacy, and philosophy.
Chinese Hand
Karate was originally written as Chinese hand in kanji.
It was later changed to a homophone meaning empty hand.
The original use of the word karate in print is attributed to Ankō Itosu.
He wrote it with the kanji 唐手:からて (Tang Dynasty hand) rather than the present usage of 空手:からて (empty hand).
The Tang Dynasty of China ended in AD 907.
The kanji representing it remained in use in Okinawa as a way to refer to China generally.
Thus the word karate was originally a way of expressing “Chinese hand,” or “martial art from China. ”
Since there are no written records it is not known definitely whether the kara in karate was originally written with the character 唐 meaning China or the character 空 meaning empty.
During the time when admiration for China and things Chinese was at its height in the Ryūkyūs it was the custom to use the former character when referring to things of fine quality. . .
It should be noted that use of the written character is not necessarily linked to the origins of karate.
[citation needed]
Empty Hand
The original use of “Chinese hand,” “Tang hand,” “Chinese fist,” or “Chinese techniques” (depending on interpretation of 唐手) reflects the documented Chinese influence on karate.
The first documented use of a homophone of the logogram pronounced kara by replacing the character meaning Tang Dynasty (唐 から) with the character meaning empty (空 から) took place in Karate Kumite.
This is a book by Hanashiro Chōmo (1869-1945) which was published in August 1905.
In the early 20th century Japan did not have good relations with China.
In 1932 Japan attacked China and occupied its northern territory.
At that time referring to Chinese origins of karate was considered politically incorrect.
[34]
In 1933, the Okinawan art of karate was recognized as a Japanese martial art by the Japanese Martial Arts Committee known as the “Butoku Kai”.
Until 1935, “karate” was written as “唐手” (Chinese hand).
But in 1935, the masters of the various styles of Okinawan karate conferred to decide a new name for their art.
They decided to call their art “karate” written in Japanese characters as “空手” (empty hand).
Nomenclature
Another nominal development is the addition of dō (道:どう) to the end of the word karate.
Dō is a suffix having numerous meanings including road, path, route, and way.
It is used in many martial arts that survived Japan’s transition from feudal culture to modern times.
It implies that these arts are not just fighting systems but contain spiritual elements when promoted as disciplines.
In this context dō is usually translated as “the way of. ” Examples are aikido (合気道:あいきどう), judo (柔道:じゅうどう), and kendo (剣道:けんどう).
Thus karatedō is more than just empty hand techniques.
It is The Way Of The Empty Hand.
As you may have “guessed” correctly, this video talks about the grappling aspect of Karate.
And yes, it has one.
You should know that the Karate founder had very good relantionship with the Judo founder; Jigoro Kano, that is why Judo has also a stricking aspect, it’s called; Atemi.
Enjoy!!!